Multilayer printed wiring board with filled viahole structure

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a multilayer printed wiring board having a filled viahole structure advantageously usable for forming a fine circuit pattern thereon, and having an excellent resistance against cracking under a thermal shock or due to heat cycle. The multilayer printed wiring board is comprised of conductor circuitry layers and interlaminar insulative resin layers deposited alternately one on another, the interlaminar insulative resin layers each having formed through them holes each filled with a plating layer to form a viahole. The surface of the plating layer exposed out of the hole for the viahole is formed substantially flat and lies at a substantially same level as the surface of the conductor circuit disposed in the interlaminar insulative resin layer. The thickness of the conductor circuitry layer is less than a half of the viahole diameter and less than 25 μm. The inner wall of the hole formed in the interlaminar insulative resin layer is roughened and an electroless plating layer is deposited on the roughened surface. An electroplating layer is filled in the hole including the electroless plating layer to form the viahole. The interlaminar insulative resin layer is formed from a composite of a fluororesin showing a high fracture toughness and a heat-resistant thermoplastic resin, a composite of fluororesin and thermosetting resin or a composite of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/020,035, filed Dec. 23, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No.7,390,974, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/600,890, filed Aug. 16, 2000 now U.S Pat. No. 7,071,424, and having a371 date of Aug. 16, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,071,474, which is herebyincorporated by reference herein in its entirety, and which is aNational Stage application of PCT/JP99/00504, filed Feb. 5, 1999, whichwas not published in English under PCT Article 21(2). The presentapplication claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of JapaneseApplication Nos. JP 10-45396, filed Feb. 26, 1998; JP 10-45397, filedFeb. 26, 1998; JP 10-45398, filed Feb. 26, 1998; and JP 10-45399, filedFeb. 26, 1998.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a multilayer printed wiring boardhaving a filled viahole structure, and more particularly to a multilayerprinted wiring board adapted to assure an outstandingly secure adhesionbetween a conductor circuitry layer and an interlaminar insulative resinlayer and form a fine conductor circuit pattern.

2. Description of Background Information

The multilayer printed wiring board includes a build-up multilayerprinted wiring board in which conductor circuitry layers and insulativeresin layers are alternately formed one on another and inner and outerones of the conductor circuitry layers are electrically connected toeach other by viaholes formed in the insulative resin layers. Generally,the viaholes in such a multilayer printed wiring board are formed bydepositing a plating metal film on the inner wall and bottom of each offine holes formed through the interlaminar insulative resin layers.

However, the multilayer printed wiring board having such viaholes formedthrough them are not advantageous in that the metal deposit is likely tobreak due to its precipitation or a heat cycle. To avoid this problem,it has recently been proposed to fill the viaholes with a plating metal(this structure will be referred to as “filled viahole structure”henceforth). Such filled viahole structures are known from thedisclosure, for example, in the Japanese unexamined patent publicationNos. Hei 2-188992, Hei 3-3298 and Hei 7-34048.

The multilayer printed wiring board having the filled viahole structureis however disadvantageous in that a surface portion of the platingmetal exposed outside the hole for viahole (the surface will be referredto as “viahole surface” henceforth) is easily depressible. If aninterlaminar insulating layer resin is formed on a conductor circuitrylayer irrespectively of such a depression existent on the viaholesurface, a corresponding depression will develop on the surface of theinterlaminar insulative resin layer, and cause the plating metal film tobreak and also a trouble in mounting electronic parts on the wiringboard.

The viahole surface where such a depression or concavity exists or islikely to exist can be flattened by applying an interlaminar resin morethan once. However, the application of the interlaminar resin will leadto a greater thickness of the interlaminar insulative resin layer justabove the depression on the viahole surface than that of theinterlaminar insulative resin layer on the conductor circuitry layer.Thus in the process of forming a hole for a viahole in the interlaminarinsulative resin layer by exposure, development and laser radiation, theinterlaminar resin will partially remain inside the hole to lower theelectrical connection reliability of the viahole. Especially for massproduction of multilayer printed wiring boards, the residual resin islikely to occur since it is difficult to set different exposure anddevelopment conditions for the viahole surface from those for theconductor circuitry layer surface.

Further, to solve the problem of such a residual resin, a build-upmultilayer printed wiring board has been proposed by the Japaneseunexamined patent publication No. Hei 9-312472, etc.

In this conventional multilayer printed wiring board, a platingconductor or metal is filled in a hole for viahole so that a conductorcircuitry layer has a thickness more than a half of the viahole diameterand thus the conductor circuitry layer surface is at a same level as theviahole surface.

In this conventional multilayer printed wiring board, however, the innerwall of the hole formed in an interlaminar insulative resin layer shouldbe plated with a thick layer of metal or conductor and thus a conductorcircuitry layer formed along with the plating metal on the viahole willalso be thick.

For a thicker plating, the plating resin should also be correspondinglythicker. As a result, light will de diffracted to inside a pattern on aphotomasking film, so that the plating resist will be taper. That is,there will be resulted a conductor pattern which is thinner as it goesdownward. Such a phenomenon will not matter so long as L/S=50/50 μmwhere L: line width; S: inter-line distance, but it will cause a patternseparation (peeling) if the pattern is a fine one of L/S=25/25 μm.

Further, as disclosed in the Japanese unexamined patent publication No.Hei 2-188992, when a plating layer is formed and then it is etched toform a conductor circuitry layer, a thick plating layer will be undercutdue to the etching and a fine pattern will be broken.

Furthermore, since in the filled viahole structure, a plating metal isfilled in a hole for viahole, a larger stress will be caused by heatcycle than in a viahole formed just by plating an inner wall and bottomof a hole, so that a crack is likely to occur first in the viahole andthen spread to an interlaminar insulative resin layer.

Moreover, an electroless plating method is used to fill the platingmetal into the hole for viahole. However, the plating layer applied bythe electroless plating is harder and less malleable than a one appliedby the electroplating. Therefore, the plating layer is likely to crackunder a thermal shock or due to heat cycle.

To solve the above problem, a method of forming a filled viaholestructure by using both electroless plating and electroplating has beenproposed as disclosed in the Japanese unexamined patent publication No.Hei 9-312472.

In this filled viahole structure, however, the boundary between theelectroless plating and electroplating layers is flat so that both theplating layers are separable from each other under a thermal shock ordue to heat cycle. To avoid this separation, a plating resist has to beformed before a hole for viahole is filled with a metal by theelectroplating. However, since the plating resist is formed on theelectroless plating layer, the plating resist is easily separable and aninter-pattern shortcircuit will possibly take place.

Accordingly, the present invention has a primary object to overcome theabove-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art by providing a multilayerprinted wiring board having a filled viahole structure adapted to form afine conductor circuit pattern and provide a highly reliable electricalconnection between conductive circuitry layers.

The present invention has another object to provide a multilayer printedwiring board having a filled viahole structure adapted to assure ahighly secure adhesion between a conductor circuitry layer and aninterlaminar insulative resin layer and which will not crack even undera thermal shock or due to heat cycle.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above objects can be attained by providing a multilayer printedwiring board worked out to meet some parameters the inventors' havefound through various studies and under which there can be formed on aconductor layer between interlaminar insulative resin layers a conductorcircuit pattern highly securely adhering to the interlaminar insulativeresin layer and conductor layer.

According to one aspect of the present invention (henceforth, firstembodiment), there is provided a build-up multilayer printed wiringboard having conductor circuitry layers and interlaminar insulativeresin layers deposited alternately one on another, the interlaminarinsulative resin layers having formed through them holes each filledwith a plating layer to form a viahole, the surface of the plating layerexposed out of the hole for the viahole (the surface will be referred toas “viahole surface” henceforth) being formed substantially flat andlying at a substantially same level as the surface of the conductorcircuit layer disposed in the interlaminar insulative resin layer inwhich the viahole also lies, and the thickness of the conductorcircuitry layer being less than a half of the viahole diameter.

Note that the “viahole diameter” referred to herein means an openingdiameter of the hole for the viahole.

The first embodiment having the above-mentioned filled viahole structureis advantageous as follows:

(1) Because no depression develops on the viahole surface, the surfaceof the interlaminar insulative resin layer is very flat, so a linebreaking due to a depression hardly occurs and IC chips, etc. can beconveniently mounted on the wiring board.

(2) Since the thickness of the interlaminar insulative resin layer onthe viahole and conductor circuitry layer is substantially uniform, theinsulative resin of the interlaminar layer will less remain when a holefor the viahole is formed in the interlaminar insulative resin layer,thus the electrical connection by the viahole is more highly reliable.

(3) Since the thickness of the conductor circuitry layer is less thanthe half of the viahole diameter, it can be small although the hole forthe viahole is filled with the plating metal. Thus the plating resin canbe thin, which allows to form a finer conductor circuit pattern.

According to another aspect of the present invention (henceforth, secondembodiment), there is provided a build-up multilayer printed wiringboard having conductor circuitry layers and interlaminar insulativeresin layers deposited alternately one on another, the interlaminarinsulative resin layers having formed through them holes each filledwith a plating layer to form a viahole, the thickness of the conductorcircuitry layer being less than a half of the viahole diameter and lessthan 25 μm.

In the second embodiment having the above-mentioned filled viaholestructure, the thickness of the plating conductor forming the conductorcircuitry layer can be less than the half of the viahole and less than25 μm. Thus, there can be formed a thinner plating resist having animproved resolution, which enables to easily form the conductorcircuitry by etching and pattern an ultra-fine circuit.

The first and second embodiments of the present invention shouldpreferably be constructed as follows:

-   -   {circle around (1)} The viahole and conductor circuitry layer        surfaces are roughened, which will contribute to an improved        adhesion between the viahole, conductor circuitry layer and        interlaminar insulative resin layers.    -   {circle around (2)} The surface of the interlaminar insulative        layer including the inner wall of the hole for the viahole is        roughened. Thus, an improved adhesion is assured between the        viahole formed from the filled plating metal and interlaminar        insulative resin layer, as well as between the conductor        circuitry layer and interlaminar insulative resin layer.    -   {circle around (3)} The conductor circuitry layer (inner pad) to        which the viahole bottom connects has a surface thereof        roughened and by which it is connected to the viahole. Thus, the        adhesion between the viahole and inner pad (inner conductor        circuitry layer) is improved, which will lead to a possibility        that the viahole and conductor circuitry layer is hardly        separable from each other at their boundary even at a high        temperature and humidity or by heat cycle.

Particularly, in a build-up multilayer printed wiring board derived froma combination of the above items {circle around (2)} and {circle around(3)}, the inner pad and also the viahole securely adhere to theinterlaminar insulative resin layer, so that the inner pad and viaholeare completely integral with each other with the interlaminar insulativeresin layer lying between them.

-   -   {circle around (4)} The conductor circuitry layer has an edge        thereof also roughened, which will prevent a crack which would        take place first at the boundary between the conductor circuitry        layer edge and interlaminar insulative resin layer due to an        insufficient adhesion between the circuit edge and resin layer        and spread the resin layer.    -   {circle around (5)} Preferably, another viahole should be formed        on one viahole, which makes it possible to eliminate any dead        space of the wiring by the viahole and thereby attain a further        high density of wiring.    -   {circle around (6)} The interlaminar insulative resin layer        should preferably be made of a composite of a thermoplastic        resin and thermosetting resin or only a thermoplastic resin.        Such a tough resin or resin compound filled in the viahole will        be able to positively prevent a crack from taking place even        when a great stress develops in the filled viahole.    -   {circle around (7)} The ratio between the viahole diameter and        interlaminar insulative resin layer should preferably be within        a range of 1 to 4, which will facilitate a finer patterning.    -   {circle around (8)} Particularly for the first embodiment, the        thickness of the conductor circuitry layer of the first        embodiment should preferably be less than 25 μm. For easier        formation of a fine pattern, the thickness should more        preferably be 20 μm or less.    -   {circle around (9)} Especially for the second embodiment, the        viahole surface exposed out of the hole for viahole, namely, the        central portion of the exposed surface of the viahole should        preferably be depressed and the depressed surface preferably be        roughened.

The depression thus formed will provide an obtuse angle defined betweencontact surface edges of a viahole and a further viahole formed on thepreceding one. A stress to the viahole surface edges is thus dispersed,so that a crack can be prevented from taking place and spreading fromthe contact surface edges to the interlaminar insulative resin layer.

The roughening of the depressed surface improves the adhesion betweenthe viahole, conductor layer on which the conductor circuit is formed,and interlaminar insulative resin layer, which assures to prevent theconductor layer from separating from the other.

According to a still another aspect of the present invention(henceforth, third embodiment), there is provided a build-up multilayerprinted wiring board having conductor circuitry layers and interlaminarinsulative resin layers deposited alternately one on another, theinterlaminar insulative resin layers having formed through them holeseach filled with a plating layer to form a viahole, the hole in theinterlaminar insulative resin layer having at least an inner wallthereof roughened, the roughened inner wall of the hole being coveredwith an electroless plating layer, and an inner space of the holedefined by the electroless plating layer being filled with anelectroplating layer to form the viahole.

In the third embodiment having the above-mentioned fill viaholestructure, the electroless plating layer harder than the electroplatinglayer is formed over the inner wall of the hole. The electroless platinglayer bites, like anchor, the roughened surface, so it is not easilybroken even if applied with a separating force. As a result, theadhesion between the viahole and interlaminar insulative resin layer isimproved. Also, since the electroplating layer having a largermalleability than the electroless plating layer fills the major part ofthe hole, the electroplating layer will flexibly follow the expansionand shrinkage of the interlaminar insulative resin layer, thus thelayers can be prevented from being cracked under a thermal shock or dueto heat cycle.

When the surface including the inner wall of the hole in the insulativeresin layer is roughened, an electroless plating layer formed on theroughened surface will have a correspondingly roughened surface. Theroughened surface or surface irregularity provides an effect ofanchoring to assure a strong adhesion to the electroplating layer.Therefore, there will not occur any separation between the electrolessplating layer and electroplating layer even under a thermal shock or dueto heat cycle.

Also a plating resist applied on the roughened surface including theinner wall of the hole in the interlaminar insulative resin layer willhave a close contact with the irregular surface of the electrolessplating layer, and thus it will not easily be separated from theelectroless plating layer surface. Therefore, there will not arise ashortcircuit between the conductor circuitry layers in the process ofmanufacturing a printed wiring board by the semi-additive method.

The third embodiment of the present invention should preferably beconstructed as in the above items {circle around (1)} to {circle around(9)}.

According to a yet another aspect of the present invention (henceforth,fourth embodiment), there is provided a build-up multilayer printedwiring board formed from conductor circuitry layers and interlaminarinsulative resin layers deposited alternately one on another, theinterlaminar insulative resin layers having formed through them holeseach filled with a plating layer to form a viahole, the interlaminarinsulative resin layer being formed from a composite of a fluororesinand a heat-resistant thermoplastic resin, composite of a fluororesin anda thermosetting resin, or a composite of a thermosetting resin and aheat-resistant thermoplastic resin.

In the fourth embodiment having the above-mentioned filled viaholestructure, since the interlaminar insulative resin layer through whichthe viahole is provided is formed from a “composite of fluororesin andheat-resistant thermoplastic resin”, “composite of fluororesin andthermosetting resin”, or a “composite of thermosetting resin andheat-resistant thermoplastic resin”, the metal layer will not crackfirst at the viahole even when the metal layer is expanded due to heatcycle. Also, the low dielectric constant of the fluororesin will notcause any delayed signal propagation.

The interlaminar insulative resin layer in the build-up multilayerprinted wiring board according to the present invention shouldparticularly preferably be formed from a composite of a cloth offluororesin fiber and a thermosetting resin filled in voids in thecloth.

Also, the fourth embodiments should preferably be constructed as in theabove-mentioned items {circle around (1)} to {circle around (4)} and{circle around (6)} to {circle around (9)}.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1( a)-1(f) show various steps included in the process ofmanufacturing the first example of multilayer printed wiring boardaccording to the present invention;

FIGS. 2( a)-2(c) show further steps included in the process ofmanufacturing the first example of multilayer printed wiring boardaccording to the present invention;

FIGS. 3( a)-3(e) show various steps included in the process ofmanufacturing the eighth example of multilayer printed wiring boardaccording to the present invention;

FIGS. 4( a)-(4 c) show further steps included in the process ofmanufacturing the eighth example of multilayer printed wiring boardaccording to the present invention; and

FIGS. 5( a) and 5(b) shows various steps included in the process ofmanufacturing the eleventh example of multilayer printed wiring boardaccording to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The best modes of carrying out the present invention will be discussedin detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(A) In a multilayer printed wiring board having conductor circuitrylayers and interlaminar insulative resin layers deposited alternatelyone on another and in which the interlaminar insulative resin layershave formed through them holes each filled with a plating layer to forma viahole, according to the first embodiment of the present invention,the surface of the viahole formed from each hole filled with the platinglayer is formed substantially flat and lies at a substantially samelevel as the surface of the conductor circuit later disposed in theinterlaminar insulative resin layer in which the viahole also lies, andthe thickness of the conductor circuitry layer is less than a half ofthe viahole diameter.

In the printed wiring board according to the first embodiment, since theviahole surface is not depressed and so the surface of the interlaminarinsulative resin layer is very flat, a line breaking due to a depressioncan be avoided, and IC chips, etc. can be easily mounted on the wiringboard without any inconvenience. Also, the interlaminar insulative resinlayer on the viahole and conductive circuitry layer is uniformly thick,the resin will less reside when a hole for viahole is formed in theresin layer. Further, since the thickness of the conductor circuitrylayer is less than the half of the viahole diameter, even when the holefor the viahole is filled with the plating metal to form a viahole, theconductor circuitry layer will have an increased thickness, so theplating resin layer can be thin, which allows to form a finer conductorcircuit pattern.

In the multilayer printed wiring board having the above-mentioned filledviahole structure, the inner wall of the hole in the interlaminarinsulative resin layer should preferably be roughened, which willimprove the adhesion between the viahole formed from a filled platingmetal and the interlaminar insulative resin layer.

Further, the viahole should preferably be connected to the roughenedsurface of the inner conductor circuitry layer. Since the roughenedsurface improve the contact and thus adhesion between the circuitrylayer and viahole, the circuitry layer and viahole will not easily beseparated from each other at their boundary even at a high temperatureand humidity or by heat cycle.

Roughening the conductor circuitry layer, if applied, willadvantageously prevent a crack which would develop first at the boundarybetween the circuitry layer and interlaminar insulative resin layer andthen perpendicularly towards the interlaminar insulative resin layer.

The circuitry layer surface roughening should preferably be limited to adepth of 1 to 10 μm. A deeper surface roughening will cause aninter-layer shortcircuit while a shallower surface roughening willdegrade the inter-layer adhesion.

The roughening should preferably be done by oxidation (blackening), andreduction, of the surface of the circuitry layer, spraying an aqueousmixed solution of an organic acid and a cupric complex, or byelectroless copper-nickel-phosphorus plating.

Of the above methods, the oxidation (blackening) and reduction use anoxidation bath of NaOH (20 g/l), NaClO₂ (50 g/l) and Na₃PO₄ (15.0 g/l),land a reduction bath of NaOH (2.7 g/l) and NaBH₄ (1.0 g/l),respectively.

In the spraying, the aqueous mixed solution of organic acid and cupriccomplex will dissolve a metal foil such as copper forming the lowerconductor circuitry layer in the existence of oxygen, namely, duringspraying or bubbling as will be discussed below:Cu+Cu(II)An→2Cu(I)An/₂2Cu(I)An/₂+n/4O₂+nAH (aeration)→2Cu(II)An+n/2H₂Owhere A: Complexing agent; n: Coordination number.

The cupric secondary complex used in the above method should preferablybe a cupric secondary complex of any one of azoles. The cupric secondarycomplex of an azole is used to oxidize a metal copper. One shouldpreferably be diazole, triazole or tetrazole, and more preferably,imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole,2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole or 2-undecylimidazole.

The cupric secondary complex of azole should preferably be used in anamount of 1 to 15% by weight. In this range of content, the cupricsecondary complex shows an outstanding solubility and stability.

The organic acid is used in the aqueous solution to dissolve the copperoxide, and should preferably be at least one selected from formic acid,acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valerianic acid, caproicacid, acrylic acid, crotonic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinicacid, glutaric acid, maleic acid, benzoic acid, glycolic acid, lacticacid, malic acid, and sulfamic acid.

The content of the organic acid should preferably be 0.1 to 30% byweight in order to maintain the solubility of the copper oxide andstability of the dissolved copper oxide.

A cuprous complex produced will be dissolved under the action of theacid and combined with an oxygen to produce a cupric secondary complexwhich will contribute to copper oxidation again.

To promote oxidation of copper dissolution and azole oxidation, ahalogen, for example, fluorine ion, chlorine ion or bromine ion may beadded to an etchant or etching solution of the organic acid and cupriccomplex. The halogen ion may a one to which hydrochloric acid, sodiumchloride, etc. is added.

The content of the halogen ion should preferably be 0.01 to 20% byweight. In this range of content, the layer surface roughened byattacking by the etchant will provide a secure adhesion between theconductor circuitry layer and interlaminar insulative resin layer.

The etchant of the organic acid and cupric secondary complex is preparedby dissolving a cupric secondary complex of an azole and an organic acid(containing a halogen ion as necessary) in water.

For the formation of a needle-like alloy by the electrolesscopper-nickel-phosphorus plating, a plating bath should preferably beused which is composed of 1 to 40 g/l of copper sulfate, 0.1 to 6.0 g/lof nickel sulfate, 10 to 20 g/l of citric acid, 10 to 100 g/l ofhypophosphite, 10 to 40 g/l of boric acid and 0.01 to 10 g/l of asurfactant.

Further, in the multilayer printed wiring board according to thisembodiment, a further viahole should preferably be formed on one filledviahole to eliminate any viahole-caused dead space for wiring, whichwill implement a higher density of wiring.

According to this embodiment, the multilayer printed wiring board canuse, as the interlaminar insulative resin layer, a thermosetting resin,thermoplastic resin, or a composite of thermosetting and thermoplasticresins.

More preferably for this embodiment, the interlaminar insulative resinlayer should be formed from a composite of thermosetting andthermoplastic resins.

The thermosetting resin may be a one selected from epoxy resin,polyimide resin, phenol resin, thermosetting polyphenylether (PPE), etc.

The thermoplastic resin may be a one selected from fluororesins such aspolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET),polysulfone (PSF), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), thermoplasticpolyphenylene ether (PPE), polyether sulfone (PES), polyether imide(PEI), polyphenylene sulfon (PPES), tetrafluoroethylenehexafluoropropylene copolymer(FEP), tetra fluoroethylene perfluoroalcoxycopolymer (PFA), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyether ether ketone(PEEK), polyolefin, etc.

The composite of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins may be acomposite of epoxy resin with PES, PSF, PPS or PPES, or similar.

This embodiment should preferably use a composite of a fluororesin fibercloth and a thermosetting resin charged in voids in the cloth since thecomposite shows a low dielectric constant and high dimensionalstability.

In this case, the thermosetting resin should preferably be at least aone selected from epoxy resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin andphenol resin.

The fluororesin fabric cloth should preferably be a texture or nonwovenfabric made from the fluororesin fibers. The nonwoven fabric is producedby forming a sheet from short or long fluororesin fibers and a binderand heating the sheet to fuse the fibers to each other.

Also, this embodiment of the present invention can use an adhesive foruse in the electroless plating as the interlaminar insulative resinlayer.

The electroless plating adhesive should optimally be prepared bydispersing cured heat-resistant resin particles soluble in acid oroxidizing agent into a non-cured heat-resistant resin which will be madeinsoluble in acid or oxidizing agent by curing. This electroless platingadhesive is most suitably usable because the heat-resistant resinparticles can be dissolved and removed in the presence of an acid oroxidant to have formed thereon a roughened surface which can securelyanchor an adjoining layer.

The electroless plating adhesive, namely, the cured heat-resistant resinparticles, should preferably be at least a one selected from aheat-resistant resin powder of 10 μm or less in mean particle size,agglomerate produced by coagulating heat-resistant resin particles of 2μm or less in mean particle size, mixture of a heat-resistant resinpowder of 2 to 10 μm or less in mean particle size and a heat-resistantresin powder of 2 μm or less in mean particle size, dummy particlesproduced by depositing at least a one selected from a heat-resistantresin powder or inorganic powder of 2 μm or less in mean particle sizeon the surface of a heat-resistant resin powder of 2 to 10 μm in meanparticle size, mixture of a heat-resistant resin powder of 0.1 to 0.8 μmin mean particle size and a heat-resistant resin powder of over 0.8 μmand under 2 μm in mean particle size, and a heat-resistant resin powderof 0.1 to 1.0 μm in mean particle size. This electroless platingadhesive can be used to form a more complicated anchoring surface.

The heat-resistant resin used in the electroless plating adhesive may beany one of the aforementioned thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resinand composite of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins. Particularly,the composite of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins is optimallyusable for this embodiment of the present invention.

The multilayer printed wiring board according to the first embodiment ofthe present invention has been described in the foregoing. This printedwiring board is manufactured as will be described herebelow withreference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

(1) First, a wiring substrate is prepared by forming on either side of acore substrate 1 an inner conductor circuit pattern 2 (as in FIG. 1(a)).

The core substrate 1 is a laminate coppered on either side thereof. Theinner conductor circuit pattern 2 is formed by etching the copper layeron either side of the core substrate 1. Alternatively, the coresubstrate 1 may be a glass epoxy substrate, polyimide substrate, ceramicsubstrate, or a metal substrate. In this case, the inner conductorpattern 2 is provided on the core substrate 1 by forming an electrolessplating adhesive layer on the core substrate 1, roughening the adhesivelayer surface and by plating the roughened surface with a metal by theelectroless plating method. Otherwise, the inner conductor pattern 2 isprovided on the core substrate 1 by the semi-additive method. Moreparticularly, the entire roughened surface of the electroless platingadhesive layer is electroless-plated, a plating resist is appliedselectively on the roughened surface, a surface portion not applied withthe plating resist is electroplated, then the plating resist is removed,and the entire surface is etched, thereby producing the conductorcircuit pattern 2 consisting of electroplating and electroless platinglayers.

Further, a layer 3 having a roughed surface is formed as necessary onthe surface of the inner conductor circuit pattern 2 on the wiringsubstrate as shown in FIG. 1( b). The roughed surface layer 3 is made ofcopper, nickel and phosphorus.

The roughed surface layer 3 is formed by electroless plating. Theaqueous electroless plating solution should preferably have a copper ionconcentration of 2.2×10⁻² to 4.1×10⁻² mol/l, nickel ion concentration of2.2×10⁻³ to 4.1×10⁻³ mol/l and a hypophosphorus ion concentration of0.20 to 0.25 mol/l.

A layer thus precipitated from the electroplating solution will have aneedle crystalline structure which provide an excellent anchorage. Inthe electroless plating solution, a complex and additive may be added tothe above-mentioned compound.

The surface of the layer 3 is roughened by an electrolesscopper-nickel-phosphorus plating, oxidizing and reducing, etching thecopper surface along the grain boundary, or otherwise, as described inthe above.

Note that the core substrate 1 has formed therein through-holes throughwhich the inner conductor circuit patterns 2 on the opposite sides ofthe core substrate 1 are electrically connected to each other.

Also the through-holes and spaces between the conductor circuit patterns2 may be filled with a resin to assure a surface flatness.

(2) Next, an interlaminar insulative resin layer 4 is formed on eitherside of the wiring substrate prepared at the above step (1) (as in FIG.1( c)).

Particularly, for the first embodiment of the present invention, theinterlaminar insulative resin layer 4 in which viaholes 9 are to beformed as will further be discussed later should preferably be anelectroless plating adhesive containing as resin matrix a composite of athermosetting resin and thermoplastic resin.

(3) After the interlaminar insulative resin layer or electroless platingadhesive layer 4 formed at the above step (2) is dried, holes 5 for theviaholes are formed in the layer 4 (as in FIG. 1( d)).

In case the resin of the interlaminar insulative layer 4 is aphotosensitive one, the hole 5 is formed by exposing, developing andthen thermally curing the layer 4. When the resin is a thermosettingone, the hole 5 is formed by thermally curing the layer 4 and then Laserdrilling. At this time, the ratio D/T₁ between the viahole diameter (D)and interlaminar insulative resin layer thickness (T₁) should preferablybe within a range of 1 to 4. This is because if the ratio D/T₁ is lessthan 1, the electroplating solution will not enter the hole while theratio over 4 will not allow the hole to be filled with a plating metalsufficiently.

(4) Next, the epoxy resin particles existent on the surface of the curedadhesive layer 4 are removed by decomposing or dissolving with an acidor oxidant to rough the surface of the adhesive layer 4. Thus aroughened or rough surface 6 is formed. (Also see FIG. 1( e).)

The acid used for this purpose should preferably be a one selected fromphosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and an organic acidsuch as formic acid or acetic acid. It should more preferably be anorganic acid for it will not attack a metallic conductor layer exposedout of the viahole when the surface of the adhesive layer 4 isroughened.

The oxidant should preferably be chromic acid, or permanganic acid (suchas potassium permanganate).

(5) Next, a catalyst nucleus is applied to the roughened surface 6 ofthe adhesive layer 4.

The catalyst nucleus should preferably be a precious metal ion orcolloid. Generally, it is a palladium chloride or palladium colloid.More preferably, it should be a palladium. To fix the catalyst nucleus,it is heated.

(6) Further, the roughened surface 6 of the electroless plating adhesivelayer 4 is electroless plated to form an electroless plating layer 7 ofwhich the surface is correspondingly rough to the roughened surface 6(as in FIG. 1( f)). The electroless plating layer 7 should be 0.1 to 5μm thick, and more preferably 0.5 to 3 μm.

Next, a plating resist layer 8 is formed on the electroless platinglayer 7 (as in FIG. 2( a)). The plating resist should preferably becomposed of an acrylate of a cresol novolac type epoxy resin or phenolnovolac type epoxy resin, and an imidazole curing agent. It may acommercially available dry film.

(7) Further, a surface portion of the electroless plating layer 7 onwhich the plating resist layer is not formed is electroplated to form aconductor layer on which an upper conductor circuit 12 is to be formed,and an electroplating layer 9 is filled in the hole 5 to form a viahole10 (as in FIG. 2( b)). At this time, the electroplating layer 9 exposedout of the hole 5 should preferably be 5 to 30 μm thick so that theupper conductor circuit 12 will have a thickness T₂ not exceeding a halfof the diameter D of the viahole (T₂<D/2).

For the electroplating, copper plating should preferably be used.

(8) Furthermore, the plating resist layer 8 is removed, and then theelectroless plating layer under the plating resist is dissolved andremoved in a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide or anetchant of sodium persulfate or ammonium persulfate to provide anindependent upper conductor circuitry layer 12 and filled viahole 10.

(9) Next, the surface of the upper conductor circuitry layer 12 isroughened to form a roughened surface 14.

The roughened surface 14 may be formed by etching, polishing, oxidizingand reducing, or plating.

First for oxidation and reduction, respectively, an oxidation bath isprepared from 20 g/l of NaOH, 50 g/l of NaClO₂ and 15.0 g/l of NaPO₄ anda reduction bath is prepared from 2.7 g/l of NaOH and 1.0 g/l of NaBH₄.

If the roughed surface layer 14 is made of an alloy ofcopper-nickel-phosphorus, the alloy is precipitated by an electrolessplating.

As an electroless plating solution for this alloy, a reduction bathshould preferably be used which is composed of 1 to 40 g/l of coppersulfate, 0.1 to 6.0 g/l of nickel sulfate, 10 to 20 g/l of citric acid,10 to 100 g/l of hypophosphite, 10 to 40 g/l of boric acid and 0.01 to10 g/l of surfactant.

Further, the rough surface layer 14 is covered with a layer of a metalor a precious metal of which the ionization tendency is larger than thatof copper and smaller than that of titanium.

For covering the roughened surface layer 14 with tin, a solution of tinboronfluoride and thiocarbamide, or a solution of tin chloride andthiocarbamide, should be used. In this case, an Sn layer of 0.1 to 2 μmor so in thickness is formed as a result of Cu—Sn substitution.

For covering the roughened surface layer 14 with a precious metal,spattering or evaporation may be adopted.

(10) Next, an electroless plating adhesive layer 16 is formed, as aninterlaminar insulative resin layer, on the wiring substrate having beenprocessed.

(11) Further, the steps (3) to (8) are repeated to provide a furtherviahole 20 just on the viahole 10 and a further upper conductorcircuitry layer 22 above the upper conductor circuit 12. The surface ofthe further viahole 20 is formed as a conductor pad which functions as asolder pad.

(12) Next, a solder resist composition is applied to the outer surfaceof the wiring substrate having been processed as in the foregoing. Afterthe solder resist layer is dried, a photomasking film having a holepattern depicted thereon is placed on the solder resist layer. Thesolder resist layer is exposed and developed to form holes in which thesolder pad portion (including conductor pad and viahole) of theconductor layer is exposed. The opening diameter of the exposed hole maybe larger than the diameter of the solder pad so that the solder padwill be exposed. Alternatively, the opening diameter of the hole may besmaller than the diameter of the solder pad so that the edge of thesolder pad will be covered with the solder resist layer. In the lattercase, the solder pad can be retained under the solder resist layer, andthus it can be prevented from being separated.

(13) Next, metal layers of “nickel and gold”, respectively, are formedon the solder pad exposed out of the hole.

The nickel layer should preferably be 1 to 7 μm thick, and the goldlayer be 0.01 to 0.06 μm thick for a thicker nickel layer will increasethe resistance while a smaller thickness of the nickel layer will renderitself easily separable. Concerning the gold layer, a larger thicknesswill lead to an increased manufacturing cost while a smaller thicknesswill lower the adhesion to the solder layer.

(14) Next, a solder is fed onto the solder pad exposed out of the holeto produce a 6-layered printed wiring board. The solder is fed by thesolder transfer or printing method.

In the solder transfer method, a solder foil is attached to a prepreg,and the solder foil is etched with only a portion thereof correspondingto the hole to form a solder pattern which will be a solder carrierfilm. After a flux is applied to the hole in the solder resist on thesubstrate, the solder carrier film is attached on the flux and heated totransfer the solder.

On the other hand, in the solder printing method, a printing mask(metallic) having through-holes formed in positions corresponding to thesolder pads is placed on the wiring substrate and a solder paste isprinted on the mask and heated.

In the printed wiring board according to the first embodiment, a solderbump is formed on the filled viahole. In the conventional printed wiringboard, since the viahole is not filled, a larger amount of solder pasteis required to form a solder bump as high as a solder bump of a flatsolder pad. Namely, the hole in the printing mask has to be large.According to this embodiment of the present invention, however, sincethe viahole is filled, the solder paste may be applied in a uniformamount and the holes in the printing mask may have a same size.

(B) Next, the second embodiment of the present invention will further bediscussed herebelow. In a multilayer printed wiring board havingconductor circuitry layers and interlaminar insulative resin layersdeposited alternately one on another, the interlaminar insulative resinlayers having formed through them holes each filled with a plating layerto form a viahole, according to the second embodiment, the thickness ofthe conductor circuitry layer is less than a half of the viaholediameter and less than 25 μm.

In the filled viahole structure of the printed wiring board according tothe second embodiment, the thickness of the plating conductor formingthe conductor circuitry layer can be less than the half of the viaholeand less than 25 μm. Thus, there can be formed a thinner plating resisthaving an improved resolution, which makes it possible to easily formthe conductor circuitry layer by etching and pattern an ultra-finecircuit.

Further, since the conductor circuitry layer has the thickness less thanthe half of the opening diameter of the viahole and less than 25 μm, thearea of contact of the edge of the conductor circuitry layer with theinterlaminar insulative resin layer is reduced correspondingly.Therefore, the central portion of the viahole surface should preferablybe depressed and roughened, whereby the adhesion between the conductorlayer and interlaminar insulative resin layer can be improved and thusseparation between them can be prevented. More specifically, a stressdeveloped due to heat cycle can be dispersed so that the conductor andinsulative layers can be prevented from being separated from each other.

The aforementioned second embodiment should preferably be constructed aswill be described herebelow:

-   -   {circle around (1)} The filled viahole and inner conductor        circuitry layer (inner pad) are electrically connected to each        other by a roughened surface layer provided on the surface of        the inner conductor circuitry layer to improve the adhesion        between the viahole and inner conductor circuit.    -   {circle around (2)} The filled viahole and conductor circuitry        layer has their surfaces roughened to improve the adhesion        between them and the outer interlaminar insulative resin layer.    -   {circle around (3)} The conductor circuitry layer has also an        edge thereof roughened.    -   {circle around (4)} The roughened surface layer on the surface        of the conductor circuitry layer is 1 to 10 μm thick.    -   {circle around (5)} The surface roughing is done as in the first        embodiment.    -   {circle around (6)} A further viahole is formed on the filled        viahole.    -   {circle around (7)} The surface including the inner wall of the        interlaminar insulative resin layer is roughened.    -   {circle around (8)} The interlaminar insulative resin layer is        made of a thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin, or a        composite of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins, and        preferably of the composite of thermosetting and thermoplastic        resins or the thermoplastic resin.

The thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin and composite ofthermosetting and thermoplastic resins may be selected from those havingpreviously been described concerning the first embodiment, and so theywill not be discussed any longer.

Next, the multilayer printed wiring board having the aforementionedfilled viahole structure according to the second embodiment aremanufactured as will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

The manufacturing process is substantially same as that for the firstembodiment and thus includes the previously mentioned steps (1) to (14).

At the step (7), when electroplating the portion not applied with theplating resist with a conductor layer which will form a conductorcircuit, and filling a plating layer into the hole to form the viahole,the electroplating layer should preferably be formed to a thickness of 5to 20 μm so that the conductor circuitry layer has a thickness less thana half of the viahole diameter and less than 25 μm.

(C) Next, the third embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed. In a multilayer printed wiring board formed from conductorcircuitry layers and interlaminar insulative resin layers depositedalternately one on another, the interlaminar insulative resin layershaving formed through them holes each filled with a plating layer toform a viahole, according to the third embodiment, the inner wall of thehole formed in the interlaminar insulative resin layer is roughened, theroughened inner wall of the hole is covered with a roughened electrolessplating layer, and an inner space of the hole defined by the electrolessplating layer is filled with an electroplating layer.

In the filled viahole structure of the multilayer printed wiring boardaccording to the third embodiment, the electroless plating layer harderthan the electroplating layer is formed over the inner wall of the hole.The electroless plating layer bites, like anchor, the roughened surface,so it is not easily broken even when a separating force is applied, andthe adhesion between the viahole and interlaminar insulative resin layeris improved. Also, since the electroplating layer having a largermalleability than the electroless plating layer fills the major part ofthe hole, the electroplating layer will flexibly follow the expansionand shrinkage of the interlaminar insulative resin layer, thus thelayers can be prevented from being cracked under a thermal shock or dueto heat cycle.

Since the inner wall of the hole in the interlaminar insulative resinlayer is roughened, there is provided an improved adhesion between theviahole and interlaminar insulative resin layer. The electroless platinglayer formed on the roughened surface is so thin as to follow theirregularity of the roughened surface. This surface irregularity servesas anchor to provide a strong adhesion to an electroplating layer.Therefore, the electroless plating layer and electroplating layer willnot be separated from each other even due to heat cycle or under athermal shock.

Other surface than the hole inner wall is also roughened, the roughenedsurface is electroless plated, and further a plating resist is appliedto the electroless plating layer. The plating resist applied on theroughened surface will close adhere to the irregular surface of theelectroless plating layer, and thus it will not easily be separated fromthe electroless plating layer surface. Therefore, there will not arise ashortcircuit between the conductor circuitry layers in the process ofmanufacturing the printed wiring board by the semi-additive method.

The electroless plating layer forming the above-mentioned conductorcircuit should preferably be 0.1 to 5 μm, and more preferably 1 to 5 μmfor a thickness too larger than 5 μm will not assure to sufficientlyfollow the shape of the roughened surface of the interlaminar insulativeresin layer while a thickness too smaller than 1 μm will lower theseparating or peeling strength and cause a large resistance which willinterfere with a subsequent electroplating, so that the plating layerthickness will not be uniform.

The electroplating layer forming the conductor circuit should preferablyhave a thickness within a range of 5 to 30 μm, and more preferably athickness ranging from 10 to 20 μm. This is because a larger thicknesswill cause the peeling strength to be lower while a smaller thicknesswill increase the resistance, so that the electroplating will result inan uneven precipitation.

Next, the multilayer printed wiring board having the aforementionedfilled viahole structure according to the third embodiment ismanufactured as will be discussed herebelow with reference to FIGS. 1and 2.

The manufacturing process is substantially same as that for the firstembodiment and thus includes the previously mentioned steps (1) to (14).

At the step (7) among others, when electroplating the portion notapplied with the plating resist with a conductor layer which will form aconductor circuit, and filling a plating layer into the hole to form theviahole, the electroplating layer should preferably be 5 to 20 μm thickso that the conductor circuitry layer is less than a half of the viaholediameter.

Further according to this embodiment, the plating solution composition,plating temperature, dipping length of time and agitating conditionsshould preferably be controlled to depress the central portion of theplating layer exposed out of the hole that forms the viahole. Thedepression should preferably have a size less than the thickness of theconductor layer, and more preferably be 20 μm or less. This is because abigger depression will result in a larger thickness of the interlaminarinsulative resin layer formed on the depression than that of the resinlayer formed on the other conductor layers. When the resin layer isexposed, developed and lased, it is likely to partially remain on thedepression in the viahole, which will lower the electrical connectionreliability of the viahole.

(D) Next, the fourth embodiment of the present invention will further bediscussed herebelow. In a multilayer printed wiring board formed fromconductor circuitry layers and interlaminar insulative resin layersdeposited alternately one on another, the interlaminar insulative resinlayers having formed through them holes each filled with a plating layerto form a viahole, according to the fourth embodiment, the interlaminarinsulative resin layer is formed from a composite of fluororesin andheat-resistant thermoplastic resin, composite of fluororesin andthermosetting resin, or a composite of thermosetting resin andheat-resistant resin.

In the filled viahole structure of the fourth embodiment discussedabove, the interlaminar insulative resin layer in which the viahole isprovided is formed from a highly tough composite of fluororesin andheat-resistant thermoplastic resin, or a highly tough composite offluororesin and thermosetting resin. So, even if the viahole is madefrom a hole filled with a plating layer, since the metal layer isthermally expanded during heat cycle, no crack will develop first at theviahole. Also, the fluororesin has so low a dielectric constant thatsignal will be propagated with no delay.

In this embodiment, the interlaminar insulative resin layer in which theviahole is formed should preferably be formed from a composite offluororesin and heat-resistant thermoplastic resin, or a composite offluororesin and thermosetting resin.

The fluororesin should preferably be a polytetrafluoroethylene since itis a most versatile fluororesin.

The heat-resistant thermoplastic resin should preferably be a one whichcan be thermally decomposed at a temperature higher than 250° C. andthat is selected from fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polysulfone (PSF),polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), thermoplastic polyphenylene ether (PPE),polyether sulfone (PES), polyether imide (PEI), polyphenylene sulfon(PPES), tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP),tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalcoxy copolymer (PFA), polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyolefin, etc.

The thermosetting resin may be epoxy resin, polyimide resin, phenolresin, thermosetting polyphenylene ether (PPE), or similar.

The composite of fluororesin and thermosetting resin should preferablybe a composite of fluororesin fabric cloth and thermosetting resincharged in voids in the cloth.

In this case, the a fluororesin fabric cloth should preferably be atexture or nonwoven fabric made from the fluororesin fibers. Thenonwoven fabric is produced by forming a sheet from short or longfluororesin fibers and a binder and heating the sheet to fuse the fibersto each other.

Further, the thermosetting resin should preferably be at least a oneselected from epoxy resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin and phenolresin. The composite of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins may be acomposite of epoxy resin with PES, PSF, PPS or PPES, or similar.

The multilayer printed wiring board according to the fourth embodimentis manufactured as will be described herebelow with reference to FIGS. 3and 4.

The manufacturing process is substantially same as that for the firstembodiment and thus includes the previously mentioned steps (1) to (14).

At the step (2), a composite of fluororesin and heat-resistantthermoplastic resin, composite of fluororesin and thermosetting resin ora composite of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins is used as theinterlaminar insulative resin layer. Particularly, an electrolessplating adhesive using the composite as resin matrix should preferablybe used.

At the step (3), after the electroless plating adhesive is dried, holesfor the viaholes are formed in the layer.

In case the interlaminar insulative layer is made of a resinphotosensitized by acrylating, the hole for the viahole is formed byexposing, developing and then thermally curing the resin layer. When theresin is a composite of fluororesin and heat-resistant thermoplasticresin, composite of fluororesin and thermosetting resin or a compositeof thermosetting and thermoplastic resins, the hole for the viahole isformed by thermosetting the resin layer and then by lasing drilling. Atthis time, the ratio D/T₁ between the viahole diameter (D) andinterlaminar insulative resin layer thickness (T₁) should preferably bewithin a range of 1 to 4. This is because if the ratio D/T₁ is less than1, the electroplating solution will not enter the hole while the ratioover 4 will not allow the hole to sufficiently be filled with a platingmetal.

Further at the step (4), the surface of the interlaminar insulativeresin layer should preferably be roughened by plasma etching or the likefor this roughening will improve the adhesion to the plating layer.

In case an electroless plating adhesive is used as the interlaminarinsulative resin layer, the epoxy resin particles existent on thesurface of the cured adhesive layer are removed by decomposing ordissolving with an acid or oxidant to rough the surface of the adhesivelayer.

EXAMPLES

To confirm the advantages of the aforementioned first to fourthpreferred embodiments of the present invention, examples 1 to 9 andcomparative examples 1 to 8 of multilayer printed wiring boards wereprepared through the steps (1) to (11) of the 14 steps having beendescribed in the foregoing, not yet including the step at which thesolder bump is formed. Example 11 was prepared through all the steps (1)to (14). The multilayer printed wiring boards thus prepared will furtherbe described in detail herebelow:

Example 1

(1) Compositions prepared through the following steps {circle around(1)} to {circle around (3)} were mixed together and agitated to preparean electroless plating adhesive.

-   -   {circle around (1)} Thirty-five parts by weight of a 25%        acrylated product of cresol novolac type epoxy resin (80% in        sold content; 250 in molecular weight, by Nippon Kayaku Co.,        Ltd.), 4 parts by weight of photosensitive monomer (ARONIX M315        by To a Gosei Co., Ltd.), 0.5 part by weight of antifoaming        agent (S-65 by SANNOPCO) and 3.6 parts by weight of NMP, were        mixed by agitation.    -   {circle around (2)} Eight parts by weight of polyether sulfone        (PES) and 7.245 parts by weight of epoxy resin particles        (POLYMERPOE by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) of 0.5 μm in mean particle        size were mixed together and then 20 parts by weight of NMP were        added to the mixture. They were mixed by agitation.    -   {circle around (3)} Two parts by weight of imidazole curing        agent (2E4MZ-CN by Shikoku Kasei Co., Ltd.), 2 parts by weight        of initiator (IRGACURE I-907 by Ciba Geigy), 0.2 part by weight        of photosensitizer (DETX-S by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) and 1.5        parts by weight of NMP were mixed together by agitation.

(2) A substrate 1 made of bismaleimide triazine (BT) and having aconductor circuitry layer 2 formed on either surface thereof (as in FIG.1( a)) was dipped in an electroless plating solution composed of 8 g/lof copper sulfide, 0.6 g/l of nickel sulfide, 15 g/l of citric acid, 29g/l of sodium hypophosphite, 31 g/l of boric acid and 0.1 g/l ofsurfactant and having a pH of 9 to precipitate a roughened surface layer3 of copper, nickel and phosphorus to a thickness of 3 μm on the surfaceof the conductor circuitry layer 2. Then, the substrate 1 was washed inwater. It was dipped in an electroless tin-substitution plating bathcomposed of 0.1 mol/l of tin boron-fluoride and 1.0 mol/l ofthiocarbamide at 50° C. for 1 hour to precipitate a tin layer of 0.3 μmon the surface of the roughened surface layer 3 (as in FIG. 1( b); thetin layer is not illustrated).

(3) The interlaminar insulative resin layer prepared at the above step(1) was applied to the substrate 1 (see FIG. 1( c)). After the substrate1 was dried, a photomasking film was placed on the substrate 1, exposed,developed and thermally cured to form a 20 μm-thick interlaminarinsulative resin layer 4 having formed through them holes 5 for viaholesof which the diameter is 60 μm (61 μm at bottom and 67 μm at top) (seeFIG. 1( d)).

(4) The substrate 1 having the interlaminar insulative resin layer 4formed thereon was dipped in chromic acid for 19 min to form a roughedsurface layer 6 of 4 μm in depth on the surface of the layer 4 (see FIG.1( e)).

(5) The substrate 1 having the rough surface layer 6 formed thereon wasdipped in an electroless plating solution to form an electroless platinglayer 7 of 0.6 μm in thickness over the rough surface (see FIG. 1( f).

(6) A plating resist layer 8 was formed on the electroless plating layer7 in the conventional manner (see FIG. 2( a)).

(7) Next, a portion on which the plating resist layer 8 was not formedwas electroplated under the following conditions to form anelectroplating layer 9 of 20 μm in thickness on the portion. The layer 9provided a conductor layer on which a conductor circuit 12 was to beformed, and the electroplating layer 9 was filled in the hole to form aviahole 10 (as in FIG. 2( b)).

Aqueous electroplating solution:

CuSO₄.5H₂O 60 g/l Leveling agent (HL by ATOTTECH) 40 ml/l Sulfuric acid190 g/l Brightening agent (UV by ATOTTECH) 0.5 ml/l Chlorine ion 40 ppm

Electroplating conditions:

Bubbling 3.0 liters/min Current density 0.5 A/dm² Set current value 0.18A Plating length of time 130 min

(8) The plating resist layer 8 was separated and removed, and then theelectroless plating layer 7 under the plating resist layer 8 wasdissolved for removal in an etching solution composed of a mixture ofsulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, sodium persulfate, ammoniumpersulfate, etc. to form the conductor circuit 12 consisting of theelectroless plating layer 7 and electroplating copper layer 9 and ofwhich the thickness is about 20 μm and L/S ratio is 25/25 μm. At thistime, the viahole 10 had a flat surface and the conductor circuitsurface and viahole surface were at a same level.

The inventors of the present invention found that when the thickness Tof the interlaminar insulative resin layer 4 was 20 μm while theviaholes 10 were formed to have diameters D of 25, 40, 60 and 80 μm, theplating layers required for filling the viaholes 10 were 10.2, 11.7,14.8 and 23.8 μm thick, respectively.

(9) As at the step (2), a roughened surface layer 3 was formed on thesubstrate. Further, the steps (3) to (8) were repeated to produce amultilayer printed wiring board (as in FIG. 2( c)).

Example 2

A multilayer printed wiring board was prepared in the same manner as theaforementioned example 1 except that an interlaminar insulative resinlayer was formed by attaching a fluororesin film of 20 μm in thicknessto the layer by thermo-compression bonding and holes for viaholes of 60μm in diameter were formed by irradiating ultraviolet laser.

Example 3

(1) A drawn tetrafluoroethylene resin (PTFE) fiber available as fiberfor woven fabric from the W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. (trade name:GORE-TEX) was used to weave a cloth for an interlaminar insulative resinlayer. The cloth was composed of 53 fibers of 400 deniers per 2.54 cm inlongitudinal direction and 52 fibers of 400 deniers per 2.54 cm inlateral direction.

(2) The fluororesin fiber cloth was cut to a sheet of 15.24 cm by 15.24cm, and the cloth sheet was immersed in a solution of alkaline metal andnaphthalene available under the trade name TETRA-ETCH from the W. L.Gore & Associates. After that, the cloth sheet was washed in warm waterto rinse away the acetone. The fibers appeared dark brown due to theetching and the cloth shrank 20% in both longitudinal and lateraldirections. The cloth sheet was stretched to the initial dimensions withthe edges thereof held in hands.

On the other hand, a liquid epoxy resin was prepared as a thermosettingresin which was to be impregnated into the fluororesin fiber clothaccording to the guide line stated in the Dow Chemical's ProductsCatalog No. 296-396-783 for Dow epoxy resin products 521-A80.

(3) The liquid epoxy resin was impregnated into the fluororesin fibercloth prepared at the above step (2). The fluororesin fiber clothimpregnated with the epoxy resin was dried at 160° C. to provide aB-stage sheet. The sheet was 0.3556 cm in thickness and the impregnatedresin in the sheet weighed 5 g.

(4) The B-stage sheet was attached on the substrate at the step (2) forthe example 1, and pressed under a pressure of 80 kg/cm² at 175° C. toform an interlaminar insulative resin layer. Further, the layer wasexposed to an ultraviolet laser of 220 nm in wavelength to form holesfor viaholes of 60 μm in diameter. Thereafter, the steps (4) to (9) forthe example 1 was repeated to produce a multilayer printed wiring board.

Comparative Example 1

As disclosed in the Japanese unexamined patent publication No. Hei2-188992, a multilayer printed wiring board was produced in the samemanner as the aforementioned example 1 except that a conductor circuitwas made only of an electroless plating layer of 25 μm in thickness andviaholes were formed by dipping for 11 hours in en electroless platingaqueous solution composed of 0.06 mol/l of copper sulfide, 0.3 mol/l offormalin, 0.35 mol/l of NaOH, 0.35 mol/l of EDTA and a small amount ofadditive at 75° C. and having a pH of 12.4.

In the wiring board, the holes in the interlaminar insulative resinlayer were found filled with the plating layer, but a depression of 20to 25 m was found in the central portion of the plating layer.

Comparative Example 2

According to the disclosure in the Japanese unexamined patentpublication No. Hei 2-312472, a multilayer printed wiring board wasproduced. More particularly, the steps (1) to (5) for the embodiment 1were repeated to process a substrate and then the substrate was dippedin an electroless plating solution prepared from an aqueous solutioncomposed of 0.05 mol/l of copper sulfide, 0.30 mol/l of formalin, 0.35mol/l of sodium hydroxide, and 0.35 mol/l of ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA) to form a plating layer of 40 μm in thickness.

Further, a dry film was attached to the substrate, exposed and developedto form an etching resist of L/S=25/25 μm on the substrate. For etching,the substrate was dipped in a mixed solution of sulfuric acid andhydrogen peroxide. However, the conductor circuitry layer was undercutand separated. Therefore, the comparative example 2 was not evaluated.

The examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were evaluated as to{circle around (1)} surface flatness of their interlaminar insulativeresin layer and {circle around (2)} electrical connection reliability ofthe viahole.

The above item {circle around (1)}, surface flatness, was evaluated byjudging whether a depression developed on a first applied interlaminarinsulative resin layer. The item {circle around (2)}, electricalconnection reliability of the viahole, was evaluated by checking, usinga probe, whether a further viahole formed on a viahole already formedshowed a poor electrical continuity. The evaluation results are shown inTable 1.

As seen from Table 1, the examples 1, 2 and 3 are superior in surfaceflatness of the interlaminar insulative resin layer. Even when thefurther viahole is provided on the inner one, a circuit pattern breakingdue to a depression is not observed, namely, the examples

TABLE 1 Depression on interlaminar Poor electrical insulative resinlayer continuity Example 1 No No Example 2 — No Example 3 — NoComparative Yes No example 11 to 3 have a high electrical connection reliability of the viahole, andIC chip and other devices can easily be mounted on the wiring boardswith no inconvenience. Further, even when mass-produced, the examples 1to 3 will show a high electrical connection reliability of the viaholes.

Owing to the structure of the examples 1 to 3, a fine circuit pattern ofL/S=25/25 μm can be formed.

As mentioned above, the first embodiment of the present inventionprovides a multilayer printed wiring board having a filled viaholestructure enabling a fine circuit pattern to be formed and showingsuperior surface flatness and high electrical connection reliability ofthe viahole.

Example 4

A multilayer printed wiring board was produced by repeating the steps(1) to (5) for the example 1, and further processing the substrate asfollows:

(6) A plating resist layer 8 of 15 μm in thickness and L/S=25/25 μm wasformed on the electroless plating layer 7 in the conventional manner(see FIG. 2( a)).

(7) Next, a portion on which the plating resist layer 8 was not formedwas electroplated under the following conditions to form anelectroplating layer 15 μm in thickness on the portion. The layer 9provided a conductor layer on which a conductor circuit was to beformed, and the electroplating layer 9 was filled in the hole to form aviahole 10 (as in FIG. 2( b)).

Aqueous electroplating solution:

CuSO₄.5H₂O 60 g/l Leveling agent (HL by ATOTTECH) 40 ml/l Sulfuric acid190 g/l Brightening agent (UV by ATOTTECH) 0.5 ml/l Chlorine ion 40 ppm

Electroplating conditions:

Bubbling 3.0 liters/min Current density 0.5 A/dm² Set current value 0.18A Plating length of time 100 min

(8) The plating resist layer 8 was separated and removed, and then theelectroless plating layer 7 under the plating resist layer 8 wasdissolved for removal in an etching solution composed of a mixture ofsulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, sodium persulfate, ammoniumpersulfate, etc. to form a conductor circuit 11 from the electrolessplating layer 7 and electroplating copper layer 9 and having a thicknessof about 15 μm and L/S ratio of 25/25 μm. At this time, the viahole 10had a depression of about 5 μm in depth found on the surface hereof.

(9) As at the step (2) for the example 1, a rough surface layer 3 wasformed on the substrate. Further, the steps (3) to (8) for the example 1were repeated to produce a multilayer printed wiring board (as in FIG.2( c)).

Owing to the depression formed on the central surface portion of theviahole, the thin conductor layer was not separable so that a finecircuit pattern of L/S=25/25 μm could be positively formed.

Example 5

A multilayer printed wiring board was produced by repeating the steps(1) to (3) for the example 3, and further processing the substrate asfollows:

(4) The B-stage sheet was attached on the substrate at the step (2) forthe example 4, and pressed under a pressure of 80 kg/cm² at 175° C. toform an interlaminar insulative resin layer. Further, the layer wasexposed to an ultraviolet laser of 220 nm in wavelength to form holesfor viaholes of 60 μm in diameter. Thereafter, the steps (4) to (9) forthe example 4 was repeated to produce the multilayer printed wiringboard.

Comparative Example 3

A multilayer printed wiring board was produced similarly to theembodiment 1 as disclosed in the Japanese unexamined patent publicationNo. Hei 2-188992. As a result, the holes in the interlaminar insulativeresin layer were found filled with the plating layer. For a circuitpattern of L/S=25/25 μm, however, the plating resist was etched but toomuch, resulting in breakage of the circuit pattern.

Comparative Example 4

According to the Japanese unexamined patent publication No. Hei9-312472, a multilayer printed wiring board was produced. Moreparticularly, the steps (1) to (5) for the embodiment 5 were repeatedand then the substrate was dipped in an electroless plating solutionprepared from an aqueous solution composed of 0.05 mol/l of coppersulfide, 0.30 mol/l of formalin, 0.35 mol/l of sodium hydroxide, and0.35 mol/l of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to form a platinglayer of 40 μm in thickness.

A dry film was attached to the substrate, exposed and developed to forman etching resist of L/S=25/25 μm on the substrate. For etching, thesubstrate was dipped in a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and hydrogenperoxide. However, the conductor circuitry layer was undercut andseparated.

As having been described in the above, the second embodiment of thepresent invention provides a multilayer printed wiring board having afilled viahole structure which can surely prevent the wiring board fromline-breakage and implement an ultrafine circuit pattern of L/S=25/25μm.

Example 6

A multilayer printed wiring board was produced by repeating the steps(1) to (5) for the example 1, and further processing the substrate asfollows:

(6) A plating resist layer 8 of 15 μm in thickness and L/S=25/25 μm wasformed on the electroless plating layer 7 in the conventional manner(see FIG. 2( a)).

(7) Next, a portion on which the plating resist layer 8 was not formedwas electroplated under the following conditions to form anelectroplating layer 15 μm in thickness on the portion. The layer 9provided a conductor layer on which a conductor circuit was to beformed, and the electroplating layer 9 was filled in the hole to form aviahole 10 (as in FIG. 2( b)).

Aqueous electroplating solution:

CuSO₄.5H₂O 60 g/l Leveling agent (HL by ATOTTECH) 40 ml/l Sulfuric acid190 g/l Brightening agent (UV by ATOTTECH) 0.5 ml/l Chlorine ion 40 ppm

Electroplating conditions:

Bubbling 3.0 liters/min Current density 0.5 A/dm² Set current value 0.18A Plating length of time 100 min

(8) The plating resist layer 8 was separated and removed, and then theelectroless plating layer 7 under the plating resist layer 8 wasdissolved for removal in an etching solution composed of a mixture ofsulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, sodium persulfate, ammoniumpersulfate, etc. to form a conductor circuit 11 made of the electrolessplating layer 7 and electroplating copper layer 9 and having a thicknessof about 15 μm and L/S ratio of 25/25 μm. At this time, the viahole 10had a flat surface.

(9) As at the step (2) for the example 1, a rough surface layer 3 wasformed on the substrate. Further, the steps (3) to (8) for the example 1were repeated to produce a multilayer printed wiring board (as in FIG.2( c)).

Owing to the depression formed on the central surface portion of theviahole, the thin conductor layer was not separable so that a finecircuit pattern of L/S=25/25 μm could be formed.

Example 7

A multilayer printed wiring board was produced by repeating the steps(1) to (3) for the example 2, and further processing the substrate asfollows:

(4) The B-stage sheet was attached on the substrate at the step (2) forthe example 6, and pressed under a pressure of 80 kg/cm² at 175° C. toform an interlaminar insulative resin layer. Further, the layer wasexposed to an ultraviolet laser of 220 nm in wavelength to form holesfor viaholes of 60 μm in diameter. Thereafter, the steps (4) to (9) forthe example 6 was repeated to produce the multilayer printed wiringboard.

Comparative Example 5

A multilayer printed wiring board was produced similarly to theembodiment as disclosed in the Japanese unexamined patent publicationNo. hei 2-188992. In this case, the holes for viaholes were filled onlywith the electroless plating layer to form the viaholes.

Comparative Example 6

A multilayer printed wiring board was produced by repeating the steps(1) to (3) for the example 6 and further processing the substrate asfollows. The substrate was dipped in an electroless plating solutionprepared from an aqueous solution composed of 0.05 mol/l of coppersulfide, 0.30 mol/l of formalin, 0.35 mol/l of sodium hydroxide, and0.35 mol/l of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to form a platinglayer of 1 μm in thickness.

Further the steps (6) to (9) for the example 6 were repeated to producethe multilayer printed wiring board.

Note that this multilayer printed wiring board had no roughed surface onthe viahole.

For checking a separation and crack at the viahole, the examples 6 and 7and comparative examples 5 and 6 were heated at 128° C. for 48 hours,and then heated and cooled alternately 1,000 times at a temperatureranging from −55° C. to 125° C. The test results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Separation Cracking of viahole in viahole Example 6 No NoExample 7 No No Comparative example 5 No Yes Comparative example 6 YesNo

As seen from Table 2, the comparative example 5 showed a cracking in theviahole portion, and the comparative example 6 showed a separation ofthe viahole portion. However, the examples 6 and 7 showed neitherseparation nor cracking at the viahole portion.

As having been described in the foregoing, the third embodiment of thepresent invention provides a multilayer printed wiring board having afilled viahole structure in which the viahole is not easily separableand no crack takes place under a thermal shock or due to heat cycle.

Example 8

A multilayer printed wiring board was produced of which the interlaminarinsulative resin layer was made of a composite of fluororesin andheat-resistant thermoplastic resin, through a process including thefollowing steps:

(1) An interlaminar insulative resin liquid was prepared by thermallyfusing and mixing eight parts by weight of polyether sulfone (PES) and92 parts by weight of fluororesin (Teflon by Du Pont) at 350° C.

(2) A substrate 1 made of bismaleimide triazine (BT) and having aconductor circuitry layer 2 formed on either surface thereof (as in FIG.3( a)) was dipped in an electroless plating solution composed of 8 g/lof copper sulfide, 0.6 g/l of nickel sulfide, 15 g/l of citric acid, 29g/l of sodium hypophosphite, 31 g/l of boric acid and 0.1 g/l ofsurfactant and having a pH of 9 to precipitate a roughened surface layer3 of copper, nickel and phosphorus to a thickness of 3 μm on the surfaceof the conductor circuitry layer 2. Then, the substrate 1 was washed inwater. It was dipped in an electroless tin-substitution plating bathcomposed of 0.1 mol/l of tin boron-fluoride and 1.0 mol/l ofthiocarbamide at 50° C. for 1 hour to precipitate a tin layer of 0.3 μmon the surface of the roughened surface layer 3 (as in FIG. 1( b); thetin layer is not illustrated).

(3) The interlaminar insulative resin liquid prepared at the above step(1) was applied to the substrate 1 processed at the step (2) (as in FIG.3( c), and cooled to form an interlaminar insulative resin layer 4 of 20μm in thickness. An ultraviolet laser of 220 nm in wavelength wasirradiated to the interlaminar insulative resin layer 4 to form holes 5of 60 μm in diameter for viaholes (as in FIG. 3( d)).

(4) Using Pd as target, sputtering was made at 200 W for 1 min toimplant Pd nucleus into the interlaminar insulative resin layer 4.

(5) The substrate 1 processed at the step (4) was dipped in theelectroless plating solution to form an electroless plating copper layer7 to a thickness of 0.6 μm over the surface of the interlaminarinsulative resin layer 4 including the holes (as in FIG. 3( e)).

(6) A plating resist layer 8 was formed on the electroless platingcopper layer 7 in the conventional manner (see FIG. 4( a)).

(7) Next, a portion on which the plating resist layer 8 was not formedwas electroplated under the following conditions to form anelectroplating layer of 15 μm in thickness on the portion. The layer 9provided a conductor layer on which a conductor circuit was to beformed, and the electroplating layer 9 was filled in the hole to form aviahole 10 (as in FIG. 4( b)).

Aqueous electroplating solution:

CuSO₄.5H₂O 60 g/l Leveling agent (HL by ATOTTECH) 40 ml/l Sulfuric acid190 g/l Brightening agent (UV by ATOTTECH) 0.5 ml/l Chlorine ion 40 ppm

Electroplating conditions:

Bubbling 3.0 liters/min Current density 0.5 A/dm² Set current value 0.18A Plating length of time 130 min

(8) The plating resist layer 8 was separated and removed, and then theelectroless plating copper layer 7 under the plating resist layer 8 wasdissolved for removal in an etching solution composed of a mixture ofsulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, sodium persulfate, ammoniumpersulfate, etc. to form a conductor circuit 11 from the electrolessplating copper layer 7 and electroplating copper layer 9 and having athickness of about 15 μm.

At this time, the viahole 10 had a flat surface, and the conductorcircuitry layer surface was at a same level as the viahole surface.

(9) As at the step (2), a rough surface layer 3 was formed on thesubstrate. Further, the steps (3) to (8) were repeated to produce themultilayer printed wiring board (as in FIG. 4( c)).

Example 9

A multilayer printed wiring board was produced of which the interlaminarinsulative resin layer was made of a composite of fluororesin andthermosetting resin, by repeating the above steps (1) to (3) for theexample 3 and further processing the substrate as follows:

(4) The B-stage sheet was attached on the substrate at the step (2) forthe example 8, and pressed under a pressure of 80 kg/cm² at 175° C. toform an interlaminar insulative resin layer. Further, the layer wasexposed to an ultraviolet laser of 220 nm in wavelength to form holesfor viaholes of 60 μm in diameter. Thereafter, the steps (4) to (9) forthe example 8 was repeated to produce the multilayer printed wiringboard.

Example 10

A multilayer printed wiring board of which the interlaminar insulativeresin layer was made of a composite of thermosetting and thermoplasticresins was produced by repeating the steps (1) to (6) for the example 1and further processing the substrate as follows:

(7) A portion on which the plating resist layer was not formed waselectroplated under the same conditions as at the step (7) for theexample 8 to form an electroplating layer 15 μm in thickness on theportion. The layer 9 provided a conductor layer on which a conductorcircuit was to be formed, and the electroplating layer 9 was filled inthe hole to form a viahole 10.

(8) The plating resist layer 8 was separated and removed, and then theelectroless plating layer 7 under the plating resist layer 8 wasdissolved for removal in an etching solution composed of a mixture ofsulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, sodium persulfate, ammoniumpersulfate, etc. to form a conductor circuit 11 having a thickness ofabout 15 μm and consisting of the electroless plating layer 7 andelectroplating copper layer 9.

At this time, the viahole 10 had a flat surface, and the conductorsurface was at a same level as the viahole surface.

(9) As at the step (2), a rough surface layer was formed on thesubstrate. Further, the steps (3) to (8) were repeated to produce themultilayer printed wiring board.

Comparative Example 7

A multilayer printed wiring board was produced of which the interlaminarinsulative resin layer was made only of a thermosetting resin, asfollows:

(1) Compositions prepared through the following steps {circle around(1)} to {circle around (3)} were mixed together and agitated to preparean electroless plating adhesive.

-   -   {circle around (1)} Thirty-five parts by weight (80% in solid        content) of a 25% acrylated product of cresol novolac type epoxy        resin (2500 in molecular weight, by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), 4        parts by weight of photosensitive monomer (ARONIX M315 by To a        Gosei Co., Ltd.), 0.5 part by weight of antifoaming agent (S-65        by SANNOPCO) and 3.6 parts by weight of NMP, were mixed by        agitation.    -   {circle around (2)} Twenty parts by weight of NMP were added to        7.245 parts by weight of epoxy resin particles (POLYMERPOLE by        Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) of 0.5 μm in mean particle size. They        were mixed together by agitation.    -   {circle around (3)} Two parts by weight of imidazole curing        agent (2E4MZ-CN by Shikoku Kasei Co., Ltd.), 2 parts by weight        of initiator (IRGACURE I-907 by Ciba Geigy), 0.2 part by weight        of photosensitizer (DETX-S by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) and 1.5        parts by weight of NMP were mixed together by agitation.

Thereafter, steps (2) to (9) for the example 10 were repeated to providethe multilayer printed wiring board.

Comparative Example 8

A multilayer printed wiring board was produced in the same manner as forthe example 8 except that no leveling agent and brightening agent wereadded to the electroplating solution. As a result, a plating layer couldnot sufficiently be filled in the holes for the viaholes.

For evaluation of the examples 8 to 10 and comparative examples 7 and 8,they were subjected to a heat cycle test in which they were heated andcooled alternately 500 times at a temperature ranging from −55° C. to125° C., and then to another heat cycle in which they were heated andcooled alternately 1,000 times at the temperature range of −55° C. to125° C. A light-optic microscope was used to check for any crack havingstarted at the viahole, separation or crack of the plating layer formingthe viahole. The test results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Crack starting Separation or crack at viahole of plating layer500 heat 1000 heat 500 heat 1000 heat cycles cycles cycles cyclesExample 8 No No No No Example 9 No No No No Example 10 No Yes No NoComparative Yes Yes No No example 7 Comparative No No Yes Yes example 8

As seen from Table 3, the example 8 is highly resistant against violenttemperature variation since its interlaminar insulative resin layerincorporates a fluororesin and thermoplastic resin.

As having been described in the foregoing, the fourth embodiment of thepresent invention provides a multilayer printed wiring board having afilled viahole structure permitting to positively prevent line breakagein the wiring board and improved in resistance against violenttemperature variation.

Example 11

A multilayer printed wiring board was produced by repeating the steps(1) to (9) for the example 1, and further processing the substrate asfollows:

(10) As at the step (2) for the example 1, a roughened surface layer 3was provided by electroless copper-nickel-phosphorus plating.

On the other hand, a solder resist composition was prepared by mixing46.67 parts by weight of a photosensitive oligomer (4000 in molecularweight) produced by acrylating 50% of epoxy group of a 60% by weight ofcresol novolac type epoxy resin (by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) solved inDMDG (diethyleneglycoldimethylether), 6.666 parts by weight of a 80% byweight of bisphenol A type epoxy resin (EPICOAT 1001 by YUKA SHELL)solved in MEK (methyletylketone), 6.666 parts by weight of an epoxyresin of the same bisphenol A type (EPICOAT E-1001-B80 by YUKA SHELL),1.6 parts by weight of imidazole (2E4MZ-CN by Shikoku Kasei Co., Ltd.),1.5 parts by weight of a polyvalent acryl monomer being a photosensitivemonomer (R604 by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), 3.0 parts by weight of a samepolyfunctional acryl monomer (DPE6A by KYOEISHA KAGAKU Co., Ltd.) and0.36 part by weight of leveling agent made from an acrylic ester polymer(POLYFLOW No. 75 by KYOEISHA KAGAKU). Further, 2.0 parts by weight of aninitiator (IRGACURE I-907 by Ciba Geigy) and 0.2 part by weight ofphotosensitizer (DETX-S (by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) were added to theabove mixture. Furthermore, 0.6 part by weight of DMDG was added to themixture to adjust the viscosity to 1.4±0.3 Pa.s at 25° C.

The viscosity of the solder resist composition was measured using aB-type viscometer (DVL-B by Tokyo Keiki). For 60 rpm, No. 4 rotor wasused with the viscometer. For 6 rpm, No. 3 rotor was used.

(11) The substrate prepared at the step (10) was applied on either sidethereof with the solder resist composition to a thickness of 20 μm. Thesubstrate was dried at 70° C. for 20 min, and then at 70° C. for 30 min.Then, a photomasking film of 5 mm in thickness having a circular pattern(mask pattern) depicted thereon was mounted on the substrate, and thesubstrate was exposed to an ultraviolet radiation of 1000 mJ/cm² inwavelength and developed in DMDG.

Further, the substrate was heated at 80° C. for 1 hour, at 100° C. for 1hour, at 120° C. for 1 hour and then at 150° C. for 3 hours to form asolder resist layer 120 (of 20 μm in thickness) open at the solder padportion thereof (opening diameter of 200 μm) (as in FIG. 5( a)).

(12) Next, the substrate having the solder resist layer 120 formedthereon was dipped for 20 min in an aqueous electroless plating solutioncomposed of 30 g/l of nickel chloride, 10 g/l of sodium hypophosphiteand 10 g/l of sodium citrate and having a pH of 5, to form a nickelplating layer 140 of 5 μm in thickness on the hole inner wall. Further,the substrate was dipped in an aqueous electroless plating solutioncomposed of 2 g/l of gold potassium cyanide, 75 g/l of ammoniumchloride, 50 g/l of sodium citrate and 10 g/l of sodium hypophosphite at93° C. for 23 sec to precipitate a gold plating layer 150 to a thicknessof 0.03 μm on the nickel plating layer 140.

(13) A printing mask was placed on the hole in the solder resist layer120, a solder paste was printed and reflowed at 200° C. to form a solderbump (solder) 160. Thus a printed wiring board having the solder bumpwas produced (as in FIG. 5( b)).

In the conventional printed wiring board, since the viahole is notfilled, a large amount of solder paste has to be used or the printingmask hole has to be large to form a solder bump as high as the solderbump of a flat solder pad. In the multilayer printed wiring boardaccording to the present invention, however, since the viahole isfilled, the solder paste can be applied uniformly and the hole in theprinting mask may be uniform in size.

As having been described in the foregoing, the present inventionprovides a multilayer printed wiring board best suitable for forming afine circuit pattern thereon, providing an excellent adhesion betweenthe conductor circuit and interlaminar insulative resin layer and anoutstanding resistance against cracking due to heat cycle.

Therefore, the multilayer printed wiring board according to the presentinvention has an excellent applicability in many fields of art requiringa high performance and high packaging density of electronic parts.

1. A multilayer printed wiring board comprising; a first conductor layerhaving at least one conductor circuit portion; an interlaminarinsulative resin layer formed on the first conductor layer and having atleast one through-hole or opening having an inner wall and a diameter; asecond conductor layer formed on the interlaminar insulative resin layerand having at least one conductor circuit portion; and at least onefilled viahole formed by substantially filling the through-hole oropening and electrically connecting said conductor circuit portion ofsaid first conductor layer and said conductor circuit portion of saidsecond conductor layer, wherein said filled viahole and said conductorcircuit portion of said second conductor layer comprise a plating layerand have surfaces which are leveled substantially at the same height,said conductor circuit portion of said second conductor layer has athickness which is less than a half of the diameter of the through-holeor opening, and the inner wall of the through-hole is roughened.
 2. Themultilayer printed wiring board as set forth in claim 1, wherein thesurface of the filled viahole extending out of the through-hole oropening and the surface of the conductor circuit portion of the secondconductor layer are roughened.
 3. The multilayer printed wiring board asset forth in claim 1, wherein the conductor circuit portion of the firstconductor layer has a surface connecting to the filled viahole, and thesurface of the conductor circuit portion of the first conductor layer isroughened.
 4. The multilayer printed wiring board as set forth in claim1, further comprising a viahole formed on the filled viahole.
 5. Themultilayer printed wiring board as set forth in claim 1, wherein theinterlaminar insulative resin is made of a thermoplastic resin or acomposite of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins.
 6. The multilayerprinted wiring board as set forth in claim 1, wherein the ratio betweenthe diameter of the through-hole or opening and a thickness of theinterlaminar insulative resin layer is within a range of 1 to
 4. 7. Themultilayer printed wiring board as set forth in claim 1, wherein theconductor circuit portion of the second conductor layer has a thicknesswhich is less than 25 μm.
 8. A multilayer printed wiring boardcomprising: a first conductor layer having at least one conductorcircuit portion; an interlaminar insulative resin layer formed on thefirst conductor layer and having at least one through-hole or openinghaving an inner wall and a diameter; a second conductor layer formed onthe interlaminar insulative resin layer and having at least oneconductor circuit portion having a thickness; and at least one filledviahole formed by substantially filling the through-hole or opening witha plating layer and electrically connecting said conductor circuitportion of said first conductor layer and said conductor circuit portionof said second conductor layer, wherein the thickness of said conductorcircuit portion of said second conductor layer is less than a half ofthe diameter of the through-hole or opening and less than 25 μm, and theinner wall of the through-hole or opening is roughened.
 9. Themultilayer printed wiring board as set forth in claim 8, wherein thefilled viahole has a surface having a depression.
 10. The multilayerprinted wiring board as set forth in claim 8, wherein the filled viaholehas a surface extending out of the through-hole or opening, a surface ofthe conductor circuit portion of the conductor circuit portion of thesecond conductor layer and the surface of the filled viahole areroughened.
 11. The multilayer printed wiring board as set forth in claim8, wherein the conductor circuit portion of the first conductor layerhas a surface connecting to the filled viahole, and the surface of theconductor circuit portion of the first conductor layer is roughened. 12.The multilayer printed wiring board as set forth in claim 8, furthercomprising a viahole formed on the filled viahole.
 13. The multilayerprinted wiring board as set forth in claim 8, wherein the interlaminarinsulative resin layer is made of a thermoplastic resin or a compositeof thermoplastic and thermosetting resins.
 14. The multilayer printedwiring board as set forth in claim 8, wherein the ratio between thediameter of the through-hole or opening and a thickness of theinterlaminar insulative resin layer is within a range of 1 to
 4. 15. Amultilayer printed wiring board comprising: a first conductor layerhaving at least one conductor circuit portion; an interlaminarinsulative resin layer formed on the first conductor layer and having atleast one through-hole or opening having an inner wall and a diameter,the inner wall of the through-hole or opening having a roughenedsurface; a second conductor layer formed on the interlaminar insulativeresin layer and having at least one conductor circuit portion; and atleast one filled viahole formed by substantially filling thethrough-hole or opening with a plating layer and electrically connectingsaid conductor circuit portion of said first conductor layer and saidconductor circuit portion of said second conductor layer, wherein theplating layer comprises an electroless plating film and anelectroplating film, the electroless plating film is formed on theroughened surface of the inner wall such that the electroless platingfilm forms an inner space in the through-hole or opening, theelectroplating film is substantially filling the inner space, and thefilled viahole has a surface having a depression.
 16. The multilayerprinted wiring board as set forth in claim 15, wherein the surface ofthe filled viahole extends out of the through-hole or opening, and thesurface of the filled viahole and a surface of the conductor circuitportion of the second conductor layer are roughened.
 17. The multilayerprinted wiring board as set forth in claim 15, wherein a surface of theconductor circuit portion of the first conductor layer connecting thefilled viahole is roughened.
 18. The multilayer printed wiring board asset forth in claim 15, further comprising a viahole formed on the filledviahole.
 19. The multilayer printed wiring board as set forth in claim15, wherein the interlaminar insulative resin layer is made of athermoplastic resin or a composite of thermoplastic and thermosettingresins.
 20. The multilayer printed wiring board as set forth in claim15, wherein the ratio between the diameter of the through-hole oropening and a thickness of the interlaminar insulative resin layer iswithin a range of 1 to
 4. 21. The multilayer printed wiring board as setforth in claim 15, wherein the conductor circuit portion of the secondconductor layer has a thickness which is less than 25 μm.
 22. Amultilayer printed wiring board comprising: a first conductor layerhaving at least one conductor circuit portion; an interlaminarinsulative resin layer formed on the first conductor layer and having atleast one through-hole or opening having an inner wall and a diameter; asecond conductor layer formed on the interlaminar insulative resin layerand having at least one conductor circuit portion; and at least onefilled viahole formed by substantially filling the through-hole oropening with a plating layer and electrically connecting said conductorcircuit portion of said first conductor layer and said conductor circuitportion of said second conductor layer, wherein said interlaminarinsulative resin layer is formed from a composite of fluororesin andheat-resistant thermoplastic resin, a composite of fluororesin andthermosetting resin, or a composite of thermosetting resin andheat-resistant thermoplastic resin, and the inner wall of thethrough-hole or opening is roughened.
 23. The multilayer printed wiringboard as set forth in claim 22, wherein the interlaminar insulativelayer comprises a composite of fluororesin fiber cloth and a compositeof thermosetting resin, and the composite of thermosetting resin isimpregnated in voids of the composite of fluororesin fiber cloth. 24.The multilayer printed wiring board as set forth in claim 22, whereinthe filled viahole has a surface having a depression.
 25. The multilayerprinted wiring board as set forth in claim 22, wherein a surface of thefilled viahole extending out of the through-hole or opening and asurface of the conductor circuit portion of the second conductor layerare roughened.
 26. The multilayer printed wiring board as set forth inclaim 22, wherein a surface of the conductor circuit portion of thefirst conductor layer connecting the filled viahole is roughened. 27.The multilayer printed wiring board as set forth in claim 22, furthercomprising a viahole formed on the filled viahole.
 28. The multilayerprinted wiring board as set forth in claim 22, wherein a ratio betweenthe diameter of the through-hole or opening and a thickness of theinterlaminar insulative resin layer is within a range of 1 to
 4. 29. Themultilayer printed wiring board as set forth in claim 22, wherein theconductor circuit portion of the second conductor layer has a thicknesswhich is less than 25 μm.
 30. The multilayer printed wiring board as setforth in claim 1, wherein the surface of the filled viahole extends outof the through-hole or opening.
 31. The multilayer printed wiring boardas set forth in claim 8, wherein the filled viahole has a surfaceextending out of the through-hole or opening.
 32. The multilayer printedwiring board as set forth in claim 15, wherein the filled viahole has asurface extending out of the through-hole or opening.
 33. The multilayerprinted wiring board as set forth in claim 15, wherein the conductorcircuit portion of the second conductor layer has a thickness which isless than 25 μm and less than half of the diameter of the through-holeor opening.
 34. A multilayer printed wiring board comprising: a firstconductor layer having at least one conductor circuit portion; aninterlaminar insulative resin layer formed on the first conductor layerand having at least one through-hole or opening having a diameter; asecond conductor layer formed on the interlaminar insulative resin layerand having at least one conductor circuit portion having a thickness;and at least one filled viahole formed by substantially filling thethrough-hole or opening with a plating layer and electrically connectingsaid conductor circuit portion of said first conductor layer and saidconductor circuit portion of said second conductor layer, wherein thethickness of said conductor circuit portion of said second conductorlayer is less than a half of the diameter of the through-hole or openingand less than 25 μm.
 35. The multilayer printed wiring board as setforth in claim 34, wherein the filled viahole has a surface extendingout of the through-hole or opening.
 36. The multilayer printed wiringboard as set forth in claim 34, wherein the filled via hole has asurface extending out of the through-hole or opening, and a surface ofthe conductor circuit portion of the second conductor layer and thesurface of the filled via hole are roughened.
 37. The multilayer printedwiring board as set forth in claim 34, wherein said filled viahole andsaid conductor circuit portion of said second conductor layer havesurfaces which are leveled substantially at the same height.
 38. Themultilayer printed wiring board as set forth in claim 34, furthercomprising a viahole formed on the filled viahole.